Determiners

Determiners are used to measure uncountable nouns and to show quantity.Here are some examples of determiners and the type of nouns they are used with:

Noun	Countable		uncountable
	singular	plural	Singular
Quantity words	One,every**,each, another	Many,several,some*, A few,a lot of*	Much,more,some* A little,a lot of*,all
Demonstrative	This,that	These,those	This,that

*some determiners can be used with both singular and plural nouns.

**'Every' is singular.Many of us mistakenly use it as a plural

http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/determiner.asp

Article

Today I learned about grammar..Miss Zu explained we all about articles.An article  is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun.Example of articles are 'A','an' and 'the'. The word A and a are indefinite article.This words used before singular countable nouns. Next,the word The is definite article .This word used before both singular and plural nouns,and before  both countable and uncountable nouns


.http://eslus.com/LESSONS/GRAMMAR/POS/pos9.htm

Transition Signal

Hello!! .My topic today is Transition signal..What is transition signal??

Transitions

A transition word directly tells the reader the logical relationship between one idea and another idea.

Example

The transition, however, tells the reader that the logical relationship between the two ideas is contrast.

Transitions

Transitions are words that help make your writing more coherent.  They create connections between:

-  one clause and another clause

-  one sentence and another sentence

-  one group of sentences and the next group of sentences

Joining Two Independent Clauses

One way of joining two independent clauses is with a semicolon, a transition, and a comma.

Example: Furthermore
Connecting Two Sentences

You can use a transition and comma to tell the reader the logical relationship between two sentences.

Example: In fact

Transitions in Longer Writing

·         When writing a paragraph or a larger piece of writing,you can use a transition to show the reader the logical relationship between one  group of sentences and another group of sentences.

·         This is useful when you want to let the reader know that you are changing from one idea to another idea.

1)Types of Transitions
1)relationship: addition

2)transition: Moreover 

              Furthermore

              In addition

              Besides

2)Types of Transitions

1)relationship: Reinforcement/Emphasis

2)transition: Indeed

In fact

3)Types of Transitions

1)relationship: Exemplification

2)transition:     For example

For instance

In particular

4)Types of Transitions

1)relationship: Contrast

2)transition: However              

               In contrast           

               On the contrary

                On the other hand

5)Types of Transitions

1)relationship: Time

2)transition: Meanwhile (at the same time)

          Subsequently (after)

          Thereafter (after)

6)Types of Transitions

1)relationship: Result or Effect

2)transition: thus,

              consequently,

              therefore,

              hence,

              as a result,

              accordingly

         lastly,we conclude that Transition signals act like signposts to indicate to the reader the order and flow of your writing and ideas:)

http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/trans1.html

Reference Word

BEL 120 - REFERENCE WORDS

TUESDAY, 12.7.2011 - Contextual References 

are words which substitute for other words (to avoid using the same word over and over).They refer back towords that have been used. Also they may refer forward to ideas that will be stated. Contextual referrence is being able to recognize and identify contextual references and will help you understand the passage you are reading.You must pay attention to reference words when they occur in the text you are reading.You can find the meaning of references by searching the text and using your common sense and knowledge of the text.

Pronouns as Reference Words

The classical example of a reference word is the simple pronoun, as in example 1 above, where the pronoun she refers to Germany three times.

Pronouns are somewhat limited in that they may refer only to items within the same paragraph in which they appear. Moreover, they contain only a bare minimum of information and, if writers are not careful to place them close enough to their antecedents, their reference will not be clear to readers.

A second kind of pronoun reference word, which appears twice in the paragraph above, is the "reflexive," which ends in -self or -selves. Reflexives are even more limited in that they refer to a word within the same sentence.

In example 3, the reflexive herself shows an abrupt focusing of attention on the wordGermany, meaning that now Germany (and not the other countries) was suffering severe losses. In spoken English, the same effect could be achieved by simply stressing the word with one's voice.

A more frequent use of reflexive pronouns is to show that the subject of a sentence performs an action on itself, as in example 6, where the reflexive pronoun themselves refers to the wordpeople.

Noun Phrases as Reference Words

A "noun phrase" is simply a noun including any modifier such as an "adjective" or an "article." For example, people, the people, and the friendly people are all noun phrases. In contrast to pronouns, noun phrase reference words can carry more precise information, making it easier for the reader to follow them. As such, they may jump one or two paragraph boundaries to find their antecedents.

The most frequent noun phrase reference words are general words and "superordinates" that refer to more specific items in the text, as in the examples below:

Example 2: the continent refers to Europe.

Example 4: losses refers to Allied bombing raids and the destruction of German cities, farms, industries, and transportation systems.

Example 5: these essentials refers to food, water, and fuel.

Example 7: damage refers to bombing raids destroying 70% of Berlin and leaving it in ruins.

Example 9: the city refers to Berlin.

Example 11: vermin refers to rats, fleas, and roaches.

Example 12: conditions refers to the information in the whole bottom half of the paragraph.

Other Parts of Speech as Reference Words
The remaining reference words in the example paragraph above are the following:

Example 8: The "possessive adjective" its refers to the wordBerlin (or more accurately, its possessive form Berlin's).

Example 10: The short "locational adverb" there stands for in Berlin.

Example 12: The possessive adjective their stands for the possessive form of the word people(people's).

Reference words can be other parts of speech, idioms, and phrases, as well. You will come across more examples of them in other sections of this module.

http://www.rit.edu/~w-sea/referencewords/refw01intro.html

Main Idea...8 July 2011_Friday

Hye..Thank you very much for taking the time to read my blog:)..As you know,I will share about what I learn in my Bel 120 class..Today,I would like to share to you about a main idea..What is main idea? For those who do not know ,I will explain this to you all what is main idea..
               

Main Idea

This is the most important reading strategy you will ever learn

ž The main idea is the key thought or idea in a reading passage.

ž It’s what the author wants you to understand and remember most.

Finding Main Ideas in Passages

l  The main idea of a passage is the thought that is present from the beginning to the end.

l  In finding the main idea, ask yourself these:

–       What idea is common to most of the text?

–       What is the idea that relates the parts to the whole?

–       What opinion do all the parts support?

Finding Main Ideas

Paragraphs usually have 2 types of sentences:

l     ------a topic sentence, which contains the main idea, and

l     ------one or more detail sentences which support, prove, provide more information, explain, or give examples.

http://testprep.about.com/od/tipsfortesting/a/Main_Idea.htm

http://www.scribd.com/doc/17691757/How-to-Identify-Main-Id

       After Miss Zue explained this to us,she gave a exercise that is pairing up a group consisting of 4 

        people..The exercise are we were watching a video.After that,we must find the main idea for that video..Interesting right?.Let me show one of the video and hope you all find the main idea for this video ..

What is the main idea?did you find the right main idea.Let me show the answer...

There are many tricks of cockroaches to impose ogy..

That is a main idea for this video..simple right the answer..

I hope I have given you all a good knowledge to improve our reading skills..

Blood Donation Musical.. 28 June 2011_Tuesday

Hello…I want to share what I have learn on this class.. Actually, this class I entered  it been 2 week ago ..I don’t have any idea to write in my blog..hee  However,I must share what I learn to you all..Firstly.Miss Zu want  we all sit at our previous group.. After that, she called the leader  from  each group to came infront.. They must choose a newspaper that contain a topic..Miss Zu insist we all to create a story about a topic given. But,this task most difficult because we must sing..This like High school musical.hee  My group get a topic of blood donation.. After half an hour discuss in group ,group one present their story..My group is the last group present..Let me told what we have done about blood donation ..We act like this situation was at shopping complex..opss,I forgot to introduce the character of my friend and me..Faiq as Dr ,Nur and me as a nurse,sue,linda and sam as a patient..let me start..Su,Linda and Sam went to the shopping complex for shopping.They also sing a price tag song..Hence, me and Nur saw they all and invite them to take part of blood donation. I sing a avril lavigne song..After that ,Su wanted to join for blood donation and other friend agree too because Sam see  faiq as Dr DAfi.huhu Next,I sing the barney song but I change the lyrics..We also sing many song that releated to our topic..We end our show with sing a twinkle2 song.. We got a big hand from audience.. We proud and happy..I think this activity is interesting and fun..That all from me..

Topic sentences...30 June 2011

Topic Sentence Essentials

Complete Sentence

        There are several things you need to
        remember when  writing topic sentences. 
        The first is that topic  sentences are 
        always complete sentences.

Topic Sentence Essentials

       A topic sentence contains the topic of the paragraph and a controlling idea.  The controlling idea limits the topic to something very specific.

Supporting Sentences

Definition

     Every paragraph has sentences that relate to the ideas in the topic sentence.  These sentences are called supporting sentences. Look at the supporting sentences on the next page to see how the writer provided more information on the subject in the topic sentence

http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partopic.html

Introduction Of an essay....23 Jun 2011_Thursday

On that day,I learn about Introduction of an essay..Miss zu explained and gave me exercise..Let me share what the Introductory paragraph...

The Parts of the Introductory Paragraph

n  The Hook - Designed to grab attention immediately and give some indication about the essay’s topic

n  The Transition - Moves the reader from the hook to the driving force of the essay….

The Thesis - Makes the contract with the reader about what will be discussed without a blatant         announcement

Types of Hooks

1. Personal examples

2. Quotations

3. Facts or statistics

4. Rhetorical questions

5. Current events

6. Contrast to the thesis statement

7. Definition

Personal Examples

n  Provides strong, dramatic incidents to use. Honesty in expressing thoughts and feelings will ring true with the reader. While you can make up the personal experience, be careful that it sounds credible.

n  Personal observation -  different from a personal example, an observation is something you saw happening.

Using Quotations

n  Content of quote should be:

q  Dramatic

q  Emotionally appealing

q  Surprising

q  Humorous

n  Quote does not have to be from a famous person

n  Must be relevant to thesis statement

Using Facts or Statistics

n  Must be startling or unusual

n  Must be from a credible source

n  Use journal as a place to record both quotes and facts or statistics that might work for an introduction

Using Rhetorical Questions
Example 1:  

n   Why is it that we continue to take Mother Nature for granted? Do we really need a catastrophe to occur before we actually stop our errant ways? Research has shown that global warming in now at a very dangerous level. If environmental pollution continues to go unchecked, it may not be long before disaster actually strikes. Hence, it is high time that we did something to stop global warming by cutting down on the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), reducing the number of cars on the road and protecting our green lungs.  

Using Current Events

n  Must be recent

n  Must be important

n  Should be made public by newspapers, television, or radio

Using Contrast to the Thesis Statement

n  In direct contrast to the thesis statement

n  It’s fun to prove an expert wrong

            Using Definition
             Example: 

n  Haemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen and stretched-out veins which line the upper part of the anal canal and lower rectum. The first symptom is usually bleeding. If the haemorrhoids become larger and bleed during a bowel movement, they generally protrude through the anal canal and are visible as a lump. In this case, they are called ‘prolapsed’. External haemorrhoids is a condition in which a small blood vessel burst just under the surface of the skin at the opening of the anal canal. Regardless of type, haemorrhoids cause distress and embarrassment. They hurt, burn, itch, irritate the anal are, and often, bleed. To save ourselves from all this pain, it is good for us to know the factors which contribute to haemorrhoids and ways to avoid them