Introduction Of an essay....23 Jun 2011_Thursday

On that day,I learn about Introduction of an essay..Miss zu explained and gave me exercise..Let me share what the Introductory paragraph...

The Parts of the Introductory Paragraph

n  The Hook - Designed to grab attention immediately and give some indication about the essay’s topic

n  The Transition - Moves the reader from the hook to the driving force of the essay….

The Thesis - Makes the contract with the reader about what will be discussed without a blatant         announcement

Types of Hooks

1. Personal examples

2. Quotations

3. Facts or statistics

4. Rhetorical questions

5. Current events

6. Contrast to the thesis statement

7. Definition

Personal Examples

n  Provides strong, dramatic incidents to use. Honesty in expressing thoughts and feelings will ring true with the reader. While you can make up the personal experience, be careful that it sounds credible.

n  Personal observation -  different from a personal example, an observation is something you saw happening.

Using Quotations

n  Content of quote should be:

q  Dramatic

q  Emotionally appealing

q  Surprising

q  Humorous

n  Quote does not have to be from a famous person

n  Must be relevant to thesis statement

Using Facts or Statistics

n  Must be startling or unusual

n  Must be from a credible source

n  Use journal as a place to record both quotes and facts or statistics that might work for an introduction

Using Rhetorical Questions
Example 1:  

n   Why is it that we continue to take Mother Nature for granted? Do we really need a catastrophe to occur before we actually stop our errant ways? Research has shown that global warming in now at a very dangerous level. If environmental pollution continues to go unchecked, it may not be long before disaster actually strikes. Hence, it is high time that we did something to stop global warming by cutting down on the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), reducing the number of cars on the road and protecting our green lungs.  

Using Current Events

n  Must be recent

n  Must be important

n  Should be made public by newspapers, television, or radio

Using Contrast to the Thesis Statement

n  In direct contrast to the thesis statement

n  It’s fun to prove an expert wrong

            Using Definition
             Example: 

n  Haemorrhoids, or piles, are swollen and stretched-out veins which line the upper part of the anal canal and lower rectum. The first symptom is usually bleeding. If the haemorrhoids become larger and bleed during a bowel movement, they generally protrude through the anal canal and are visible as a lump. In this case, they are called ‘prolapsed’. External haemorrhoids is a condition in which a small blood vessel burst just under the surface of the skin at the opening of the anal canal. Regardless of type, haemorrhoids cause distress and embarrassment. They hurt, burn, itch, irritate the anal are, and often, bleed. To save ourselves from all this pain, it is good for us to know the factors which contribute to haemorrhoids and ways to avoid them    

Pronouns...24 June 2011

hello...what is pronouns?? did do you know that? Let me share what I learn about pronouns..

What is a Pronoun?

A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like "he," "which," "none," and "you" to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive.

Grammarians classify pronouns into several types, including the personal pronoun, the demonstrative pronoun, the interrogative pronoun, the indefinite pronoun, the relative pronoun, the reflexive pronoun, and the intensive pronoun.

Personal Pronouns

A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.

Subjective Personal Pronouns

A subjective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as thesubject of the sentence. The subjective personal pronouns are "I," "you," "she," "he," "it," "we," "you," "they."

In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is a subjective personal pronoun and acts as the subject of the sentence:

I was glad to find the bus pass in the bottom of the green knapsack.

You are surely the strangest child I have ever met.

He stole the selkie's skin and forced her to live with him.

When she was a young woman, she earned her living as a coal miner.

After many years, they returned to their homeland.

We will meet at the library at 3:30 p.m.

It is on the counter.

Are you the delegates from Malagawatch?

Objective Personal Pronouns

An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as anobject of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronouns are: "me," "you," "her," "him," "it," "us," "you," and "them."

In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is an objective personal pronoun:

Seamus stole the selkie's skin and forced her to live with him.

The objective personal pronoun "her" is the direct object of the verb "forced" and the objective personal pronoun "him" is the object of the preposition "with."

After reading the pamphlet, Judy threw it into the garbage can.

The pronoun "it" is the direct object of the verb "threw."

The agitated assistant stood up and faced the angry delegates and said, "Our leader will address you in five minutes."

In this sentence, the pronoun "you" is the direct object of the verb "address."

Deborah and Roberta will meet us at the newest café in the market.

Here the objective personal pronoun "us" is the direct object of the compound verb "will meet."

Give the list to me.

Here the objective personal pronoun "me" is the object of the preposition "to."

I'm not sure that my contact will talk to you.

Similarly in this example, the objective personal pronoun "you" is the object of the preposition "to."

Christopher was surprised to see her at the drag races.

Here the objective personal pronoun "her" is the object of the infinitive phrase "to see."

Possessive Personal Pronouns

A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person. The possessive personal pronouns are "mine," "yours," "hers," "his," "its," "ours," and "theirs." Note that possessive personal pronouns are very similar to possessive adjectives like "my," "her," and "their."

In each of the following sentences, the highlighted word is a possessive personal pronoun:

The smallest gift is mine.

Here the possessive pronoun "mine" functions as a subject complement.

This is yours.

Here too the possessive pronoun "yours" functions as a subject complement.

His is on the kitchen counter.

In this example, the possessive pronoun "his" acts as the subject of the sentence.

Theirs will be delivered tomorrow.

In this sentence, the possessive pronoun "theirs" is the subject of the sentence.

Ours is the green one on the corner.

Here too the possessive pronoun "ours" function as the subject of the sentence.

Demonstrative Pronouns

A demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun. "This" and "these" refer to things that are nearby either in space or in time, while "that" and "those" refer to things that are farther away in space or time.

The demonstrative pronouns are "this," "that," "these," and "those." "This" and "that" are used to refer to singular nouns or noun phrases and "these" and "those" are used to refer to plural nouns and noun phrases. Note that the demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, though, obviously, you use them differently. It is also important to note that "that" can also be used as a relative pronoun.

In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is a demonstrative pronoun:

This must not continue.

Here "this" is used as the subject of the compound verb "must not continue."

This is puny; that is the tree I want.

In this example "this" is used as subject and refers to something close to the speaker. The demonstrative pronoun "that" is also a subject but refers to something farther away from the speaker.

Three customers wanted these.

Here "these" is the direct object of the verb "wanted."

Interrogative Pronouns

An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are "who," "whom," "which," "what" and the compounds formed with the suffix "ever" ("whoever," "whomever," "whichever," and "whatever"). Note that either "which" or "what" can also be used as an interrogative adjective, and that "who," "whom," or "which" can also be used as a relative pronoun.

You will find "who," "whom," and occasionally "which" used to refer to people, and "which" and "what" used to refer to things and to animals.

"Who" acts as the subject of a verb, while "whom" acts as the object of a verb, preposition, or a verbal.

The highlighted word in each of the following sentences is an interrogative pronoun:

Which wants to see the dentist first?

"Which" is the subject of the sentence.

Who wrote the novel Rockbound?

Similarly "who" is the subject of the sentence.

Whom do you think we should invite?

In this sentence, "whom" is the object of the verb "invite."

To whom do you wish to speak?

Here the interrogative pronoun "whom " is the object of the preposition "to."

Who will meet the delegates at the train station?

In this sentence, the interrogative pronoun "who" is the subject of the compound verb "will meet."

To whom did you give the paper?

In this example the interrogative pronoun "whom" is the object of the preposition "to."

What did she say?

Here the interrogative pronoun "what" is the direct object of the verb "say."

Relative Pronouns

You can use a relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are "who," "whom," "that," and "which." The compounds "whoever," "whomever," and "whichever" are also relative pronouns.

You can use the relative pronouns "who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence, and "whom" and "whomever" to refer to the objects of a verb, a verbal or a preposition.

In each of the following sentences, the highlighted word is a relative pronoun.

You may invite whomever you like to the party.

The relative pronoun "whomever" is the direct object of the compound verb "may invite."

The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

In this sentence, the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb "wins" and introduces the subordinate clause "who wins the greatest popular vote." This subordinate clause acts as an adjective modifying "candidate."

In a time of crisis, the manager asks the workers whom she believes to be the most efficient to arrive an hour earlier than usual.

In this sentence "whom" is the direct object of the verb "believes" and introduces the subordinate clause "whom she believes to be the most efficient". This subordinate clause modifies the noun "workers."

Whoever broke the window will have to replace it.

Here "whoever" functions as the subject of the verb "broke."

The crate which was left in the corridor has now been moved into the storage closet.

In this example "which" acts as the subject of the compound verb "was left" and introduces the subordinate clause "which was left in the corridor." The subordinate clause acts as an adjective modifying the noun "crate."

I will read whichever manuscript arrives first.

Here "whichever" modifies the noun "manuscript" and introduces the subordinate clause "whichever manuscript arrives first." The subordinate clause functions as the direct object of the compound verb "will read."

Indefinite Pronouns

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing. An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.

The most common indefinite pronouns are "all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone." Note that some indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjectives.

The highlighted words in the following sentences are indefinite pronouns:

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up.

Here "many" acts as the subject of the compound verb "were invited."

The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor.

In this example, "everything" acts as a subject of the compound verb "was thrown."

We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale.

In this sentence, "everything" is the direct object of theverb "donated."

Although they looked everywhere for extra copies of the magazine, they found none.

Here too the indefinite pronoun functions as a direct object: "none" is the direct object of "found."

Make sure you give everyone a copy of the amended bylaws.

In this example, "everyone" is the indirect object of the verb "give" -- the direct object is the noun phrase "a copy of the amended bylaws."

Give a registration package to each.

Here "each" is the object of the preposition "to."

Reflexive Pronouns

You can use a reflexive pronoun to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

The reflexive pronouns are "myself," "yourself," "herself," "himself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves." Note each of these can also act as an intensive pronoun.

Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a reflexive pronoun:

Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day.

The Dean often does the photocopying herself so that the secretaries can do more important work.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.

Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail to himself.

Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

Intensive Pronouns

An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasise its antecedent. Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns.

The highlighted words in the following sentences are intensive pronouns:

I myself believe that aliens should abduct my sister.

The Prime Minister himself said that he would lower taxes.

They themselves promised to come to the party even though they had a final exam at the same time.

That all from me..I hope you all will apply this to your essay:)

Tissue....14 June 2011

As ussual, on Tuesday are speaking lessons. Miss zu insist we all to sit at our group. Miss zu called our leader group to  choose a  thing that we all have  to act about that thing we pick up.We all must create a story about that thing but we all cannot said the true function about it. This task might be like `maharaja lawak`. Faiq, our leader group choose a tissue box as our main thing to create a story.We all discuss and we all get many idea to act about a tissue box.After an hour discuss in group,Miss zu called the first group and so on..We are the second group present this task..Lets me tell you all what have we done..We create a short story about that thing can be use to elaborate the other function of a tissue box based on our creativity..Firstly,we act a tissue box as a tv.we all do like we all are watching a football match..We said goaalll!!! ..hee Next,faiq act that a tissue as a telephone.he called his girlfriend because that is his girlfriend birthday..faiq want to celebrate his girlfriend birthday..he gave a  tissue box as a present and a tissue box as a cake..After that,Faiq took picture using a tissue box as a camera..interesting right? ..lastly,we create a tissue box as a printer that can print our photo..we end our show with use a tissue box as a frame of the photo..That all..tq.hee

Thesis Statment ....16 June 2011_Thursday

hello guys..Lets read my blog..hee Today, I want to write what I have learn on that day .I think you all know what I want to share to you all what I have learn..you all excited to know??? owkey...I have learn about THESIS STATEMENT..whats that?? that my first impression.hee  but,now I already know what thesis statement...this one of important thing in the essay and how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can discover or refine one for your draft..

.

         

place of thesis statement

Thesis statment

• Complete sentence that contains one main idea .
• Contain subpoints also helps a reader know how the essay will be organised 
• Avoid repetition

Miss Zu explained we all about this..After that,she gave a exercise that are to identify the thesis statement..we all also have to write new thesis statement if the thesis statement given wrong..That all from me..I want to sleep now.heee

PRE WRITTING TECHNIQUES..10 June 2011_Friday

hello!! we all have learn about reading and speaking on our previous class..so,we move to writing..Miss Zu teach us about Pre writting techniques..miss Zu explain 4 type of pre writing technique..That are Brainstorming,Clustering,Free writing and quick writing..

                    1)Brainstorming 

•  Brainstorming is an informal way of generating topics to write about, or    points to make about your topic

example of brainstorming

                                 2)Clustering

• One pre-writing technique that is especially helpful for visual learners is called clustering.  In a cluster diagram the central events or components of an essay are presented visually; more detailed events branch off the main events to provide a visual overview of the entire narrative or report.  Although in this example the main events are numbered chronologically, it isn't necessary to do so and may, in fact, hamper the writer's ability to re-order these events to "fit" the thesis or to present the material more dramatically.

example of clustering

                                     3)Free writing

• Freewriting (writing quickly about the general topic; the idea is to keep writing rather than focusing on correctness or sense)

                                                                  

Miss zu want we all did this technique..she want we all write what the thing in our mind that time..so ,let me show to you all what i have write..I want to back home now.I miss my family so much.Today I go back by bus with my friend.That is my first time ..I hope no bad thing happen to me..thats all in my mind.hee 
               
                                    4)Quick writing

NOUNS....9 June 2011_Thursday

hye..on that day,we learn about grammar..

seriously,im not good in grammar..Miss zu teach us the basic of grammar that are nouns..so,I pay attention when Miss Zu explain this..Lets me share what are nouns.

What are Nouns?

The simple definition is: a person, place or thing. Here are some examples:

• person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
• place: home, office, town, countryside, America
• thing: table, car, banana, money, music, love, dog, monkey

The problem with this definition is that it does not explain why "love" is a noun but can also be a verb.

Another (more complicated) way of recognizing a noun is by its:

1. Ending
2. Position
3. Function

1. Noun Ending

There are certain word endings that show that a word is a noun, for example:

• -ity > nationality
• -ment > appointment
• -ness > happiness
• -ation > relation
• -hood > childhood

But this is not true for the word endings of all nouns. For example, the noun "spoonful" ends in -ful, but the adjective "careful" also ends in -ful.

2. Position in Sentence

We can often recognise a noun by its position in the sentence.

Nouns often come after a determiner (a determiner is a word like a, an, the, this, my, such):

• a relief
• an afternoon
• the doctor
• this word
• my house
• such stupidity

Nouns often come after one or more adjectives:

• a great relief
• a peaceful afternoon
• the tall, Indian doctor
• this difficult word
• my brown and white house
• such crass stupidity

3. Function in a Sentence

Nouns have certain functions (jobs) in a sentence, for example:

• subject of verb: Doctors work hard.
• object of verb: He likes coffee.
• subject and object of verb: Teachers teach students.

But the subject or object of a sentence is not always a noun. It could be a pronoun or a phrase. In the sentence "My doctor works hard", the noun is "doctor" but the subject is "My doctor".

Thats a little bit about nouns..